obstetrics
- Pre-conception counselling 
- Early pregnancy complications 
- Low-risk pregnancies 
- Normal pregnancy and birth 
- IVF and assisted-reproductive pregnancies 
- High-risk pregnancies (gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia) 
- Vaginal birth after Caesarean section (VBAC) 
- Multiple pregnancies (twins and triplets) 
- Complex obstetric histories (previous stillbirth) 
- Ectopic pregnancies 
- Obstetric patients with medical conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid issues and autoimmune disorders. 
- Mature age pregnancies 

